|
KMID : 1161519990030020103
|
|
Animal Cells and Systems
1999 Volume.3 No. 2 p.103 ~ p.113
|
|
|
Regulation of prolactin secretion: Dopamine is the prolactin-release inhibiting factor (PIF), but also plays a role as a releasing factor (PRF)
|
|
Shin Seon-H.
Song Jin-Hyang
Ross Gregory M.
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Many in?depth reviews related to regulations of prolactin secretion are available. We will, therefore, focus on controversial aspects using personal opinion in this review. The neuroendocrine control of prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland involves multiple factors including prolactin?release inhibiting factor (PIF) and prolactin releasing factor (PRF). The PIF exerts a tonic inhibitory control in the physiological conditions. The PIF should be able to effectively inhibit prolactin release for a lifetime, but the inhibitory action of dopamine cannot be sustained for a long period of time. Perifusion of a high concentration of dopamine (1,000 nM) could not sustain inhibitory action on prolactin release but when a small amount of ascorbic acid (0.1 mM) is added in a low concentration of dopamine (3 nM) solution, prolactin release was inhibited for a long period. Ascorbate is essential for dopamine action to inhibit prolactin release. We have, therefore, concluded that the PIF is dopamine plus ascorbate. The major transduction system for dopamine to inhibit prolactin release is the adenylyl cyclase system. Dopamine decreases cyclic AMP concentration by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, and cyclic AMP stimulates prolactin release. However, the inhibitory mechanism of dopamine on prolactin release is much more complex than simple inhibition of cAMP production. The dopamine not only inhibits cyclic AMP synthesis but also inhibits prolactin release by acting on a link(s) after the cAMP event in a chain reaction for inhibiting prolactin release. Low concentrations of dopamine stimulate prolactin release. Lactotropes are made of several different subtypes of cells and several different dopamine receptors are found in pituitary. The inhibitory and stimulatory actions induced by dopamine can be generated by different subtype of receptors. The GH4ZR7 cells express only the short isoform (D2s) of the dopamine receptor, as a result of transfecting the D2s receptors into GH4C1 cells which do not express any dopamine receptors. When dopamine stimulates or inhibits prolactin release in GH4ZR7 cells, it is clear that the dopamine should act on dopamine D2s receptors since there is no other dopamine receptor in the GH4ZR7. Dopamine is able to stimulate prolactin release in a relatively low concentration while it inhibits in a high concentration in GH4ZR7. These observations indicate that the dopamine D2 receptor can activate stimulatory and/or inhibitory transduction system depending upon dopamine concentrations
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
Prolactin, Cyclic AMP, Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Pulsatile secretion, Neurophysin, Ascorbic acid, Dopamine
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
 
|
|